Topic 11 Flipped Video Playlists
11.1 Antibody Production and Vaccination - http://bit.ly/TylerTopic11Immunity
11.2 Movement - http://bit.ly/TylerTopic11Movement
11.3 Kidneys and Osmosregulation - http://bit.ly/TylerTopic11Kidneys
11.4 Sexual Reproduction - http://bit.ly/TylerTopic11Reproduction
11.2 Movement - http://bit.ly/TylerTopic11Movement
11.3 Kidneys and Osmosregulation - http://bit.ly/TylerTopic11Kidneys
11.4 Sexual Reproduction - http://bit.ly/TylerTopic11Reproduction
Video Due Dates
Self vs Nonself and Types of Immunity/Disease Transmission
Mammalian Immune Response, Immune Response Summary, Antibodies
Vaccination Parts 1 and 2
Monoclonal Antibodies and Allergic Reactions
Movement Overview and Joints
Muscle Structure/Anatomy and Sarcomere Structure
Muscle Contraction
Intro to the Excretory System
Excretory System Anatomy
Urine Formation Parts 1 and 2 - Ultrafiltration and Selective Reabsorption
Urine Formation Part 3 and Summary of Urine Formation
Importance of Water Regulation and Kidney Disease
Intro to Egg and Sperm Formation, Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis, Ovary Anatomy, Spermatogenesis vs Oogenesis Comparisons
Fertilization and Implantation
Hormonal Control of Birth
Birthing Process and Gestation
Mammalian Immune Response, Immune Response Summary, Antibodies
Vaccination Parts 1 and 2
Monoclonal Antibodies and Allergic Reactions
Movement Overview and Joints
Muscle Structure/Anatomy and Sarcomere Structure
Muscle Contraction
Intro to the Excretory System
Excretory System Anatomy
Urine Formation Parts 1 and 2 - Ultrafiltration and Selective Reabsorption
Urine Formation Part 3 and Summary of Urine Formation
Importance of Water Regulation and Kidney Disease
Intro to Egg and Sperm Formation, Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis, Ovary Anatomy, Spermatogenesis vs Oogenesis Comparisons
Fertilization and Implantation
Hormonal Control of Birth
Birthing Process and Gestation
PowerPointsPresentation 1: Immunity (11.1)
Presentation 2: Movement (11.2) Presentation 3: Kidneys / Osmoregulation (11.3) Presentation 4: Sexual Reproduction (11.4)
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Notes Packets
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Useful Links
11.1 - Immunity
Fantastic animated tutorials from McGraw Hill Education – the Immune response, T-cell dependent antigens, Epitopes, antigen-presenting cells & T-helper cells & monoclonal antibody selection.
Three videos from TED-Ed: how we conquered the deadly smallpox virus (well, if we ignore the work of the WHO); Learning from smallpox: how to eradicate a disease and here’s a simple answer to How do vaccines work?
Immunology Virtual Lab HHMI
How Pregnancy Tests Work
Ted Talk Pregnancy Tests
Blood Typing Game
How We Conquered Small Pox Ted Talk
Use vaccines as a weapon against antibiotic-resistant bacteria by New Scientist
The article proposes wider, more effective use of vaccines to combat the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria (link to 6.3). Discuss the article, the benefits, problems and resistance societies might have to adopting policies to support such a way forward.
11.2 - Movement
Action Potentials and Muscle Contraction by McGrawhill
Sarcomere Contraction by McGrawhill
An animated guide to the human body : The muscle edition by Eleanor Lutz
Antagonistic muscle pair by Freezeray
Hipjoint by Freezeray
Muscle contraction by Cengage learning
11.3 Kidneys
Urine Formation McGrawhill
Hormonal Control Osmoregulation McGrawhill
11.4 Sexual Reproduction
Spermatogenesis McGrawhill
Spermatogenesis Cengage
Oogenesis Step-by-Step Wiley
Maturation of Follicle and Oocyte McGrawhill
Ovary Structure and Follicle Development McGrawhill
Fertilization Animation
Fantastic animated tutorials from McGraw Hill Education – the Immune response, T-cell dependent antigens, Epitopes, antigen-presenting cells & T-helper cells & monoclonal antibody selection.
Three videos from TED-Ed: how we conquered the deadly smallpox virus (well, if we ignore the work of the WHO); Learning from smallpox: how to eradicate a disease and here’s a simple answer to How do vaccines work?
Immunology Virtual Lab HHMI
How Pregnancy Tests Work
Ted Talk Pregnancy Tests
Blood Typing Game
How We Conquered Small Pox Ted Talk
Use vaccines as a weapon against antibiotic-resistant bacteria by New Scientist
The article proposes wider, more effective use of vaccines to combat the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria (link to 6.3). Discuss the article, the benefits, problems and resistance societies might have to adopting policies to support such a way forward.
11.2 - Movement
Action Potentials and Muscle Contraction by McGrawhill
Sarcomere Contraction by McGrawhill
An animated guide to the human body : The muscle edition by Eleanor Lutz
Antagonistic muscle pair by Freezeray
Hipjoint by Freezeray
Muscle contraction by Cengage learning
11.3 Kidneys
Urine Formation McGrawhill
Hormonal Control Osmoregulation McGrawhill
11.4 Sexual Reproduction
Spermatogenesis McGrawhill
Spermatogenesis Cengage
Oogenesis Step-by-Step Wiley
Maturation of Follicle and Oocyte McGrawhill
Ovary Structure and Follicle Development McGrawhill
Fertilization Animation
11.1 Antibody production and vaccination
Essential idea: Immunity is based on recognition of self and destruction of foreign material.
Nature of science:
Consider ethical implications of research—Jenner tested his vaccine for smallpox on a child. (4.5)
Understandings:
Applications and skills:
Guidance:
International-mindedness:
Utilization:
Syllabus and cross-curricular links:
Biology
Topic 6.3 Defence against infectious disease
Topic 11.4 Sexual reproduction
Geography
Part 2F: The geography of food and health
Aims:
11.2 Movement
Essential idea: The roles of the musculoskeletal system are movement, support and protection.
Nature of science:
Developments in scientific research follow improvements in apparatus—fluorescent calcium ions have been used to study the cyclic interactions in muscle contraction. (1.8)
Understandings:
Applications and skills:
Guidance:
Aims:
11.3 The kidney and osmoregulation
Essential idea: All animals excrete nitrogenous waste products and some animals also balance water and solute concentrations.
Nature of science:
Curiosity about particular phenomena—investigations were carried out to determine how desert animals prevent water loss in their wastes. (1.5)
Understandings:
Applications and skills:
Guidance:
Utilization:
Syllabus and cross-curricular links:
Biology
Topic 1.3 Membrane structure
Topic 1.4 Membrane transport
11.4 Sexual reproduction
Essential idea: Sexual reproduction involves the development and fusion of haploid gametes.
Nature of science:
Assessing risks and benefits associated with scientific research—the risks to human male fertility were not adequately assessed before steroids related to progesterone and estrogen were released into the environment as a result of the use of the female contraceptive pill. (4.8)
Understandings:
Applications and skills:
Guidance:
Utilization:
Syllabus and cross-curricular links:
Biology
Topic 3.3 Meiosis
Topic 6.6 Hormones, homeostasis and reproduction
Aims:
Essential idea: Immunity is based on recognition of self and destruction of foreign material.
Nature of science:
Consider ethical implications of research—Jenner tested his vaccine for smallpox on a child. (4.5)
Understandings:
- Every organism has unique molecules on the surface of its cells.
- Pathogens can be species-specific although others can cross species barriers.
- B lymphocytes are activated by T lymphocytes in mammals.
- Activated B cells multiply to form clones of plasma cells and memory cells.
- Plasma cells secrete antibodies.
- Antibodies aid the destruction of pathogens.
- White cells release histamine in response to allergens.
- Histamines cause allergic symptoms.
- Immunity depends upon the persistence of memory cells.
- Vaccines contain antigens that trigger immunity but do not cause the disease.
- Fusion of a tumour cell with an antibody-producing plasma cell creates a hybridoma cell.
- Monoclonal antibodies are produced by hybridoma cells.
Applications and skills:
- Application: Smallpox was the first infectious disease of humans to have been eradicated by vaccination.
- Application: Monoclonal antibodies to HCG are used in pregnancy test kits.
- Application: Antigens on the surface of red blood cells stimulate antibody production in a person with a different blood group.
- Skill: Analysis of epidemiological data related to vaccination programmes.
Guidance:
- Limit the immune response to mammals.
International-mindedness:
- The World Health Organization initiated the campaign for the global eradication of smallpox in 1967. The campaign was deemed a success in 1977, only 10 years later.
Utilization:
- Human vaccines are often produced using the immune responses of other animals.
Syllabus and cross-curricular links:
Biology
Topic 6.3 Defence against infectious disease
Topic 11.4 Sexual reproduction
Geography
Part 2F: The geography of food and health
Aims:
- Aim 7: Use of databases to analyse epidemiological data.
11.2 Movement
Essential idea: The roles of the musculoskeletal system are movement, support and protection.
Nature of science:
Developments in scientific research follow improvements in apparatus—fluorescent calcium ions have been used to study the cyclic interactions in muscle contraction. (1.8)
Understandings:
- Bones and exoskeletons provide anchorage for muscles and act as levers.
- Synovial joints allow certain movements but not others.
- Movement of the body requires muscles to work in antagonistic pairs.
- Skeletal muscle fibres are multinucleate and contain specialized endoplasmic reticulum.
- Muscle fibres contain many myofibrils.
- Each myofibril is made up of contractile sarcomeres.
- The contraction of the skeletal muscle is achieved by the sliding of actin and myosin filaments.
- ATP hydrolysis and cross bridge formation are necessary for the filaments to slide.
- Calcium ions and the proteins tropomyosin and troponin control muscle contractions.
Applications and skills:
- Application: Antagonistic pairs of muscles in an insect leg.
- Skill: Annotation of a diagram of the human elbow.
- Skill: Drawing labelled diagrams of the structure of a sarcomere.
- Skill: Analysis of electron micrographs to find the state of contraction of muscle fibres.
Guidance:
- Elbow diagram should include cartilage, synovial fluid, joint capsule, named bones and named antagonistic muscles.
- Drawing labelled diagrams of the structure of a sarcomere should include Z lines, actin filaments, myosin filaments with heads, and the resultant light and dark bands.
- Measurement of the length of sarcomeres will require calibration of the eyepiece scale of the microscope.
Aims:
- Aim 7: Use of grip strength data loggers to assess muscle fatigue.
- Aim 7: Use of animations to visualize contraction.
11.3 The kidney and osmoregulation
Essential idea: All animals excrete nitrogenous waste products and some animals also balance water and solute concentrations.
Nature of science:
Curiosity about particular phenomena—investigations were carried out to determine how desert animals prevent water loss in their wastes. (1.5)
Understandings:
- Animals are either osmoregulators or osmoconformers.
- The Malpighian tubule system in insects and the kidney carry out osmoregulation and removal of nitrogenous wastes.
- The composition of blood in the renal artery is different from that in the renal vein.
- The ultrastructure of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule facilitate ultrafiltration.
- The proximal convoluted tubule selectively reabsorbs useful substances by active transport.
- The loop of Henle maintains hypertonic conditions in the medulla.
- ADH controls reabsorption of water in the collecting duct.
- The length of the loop of Henle is positively correlated with the need for water conservation in animals.
- The type of nitrogenous waste in animals is correlated with evolutionary history and habitat.
Applications and skills:
- Application: Consequences of dehydration and overhydration.
- Application: Treatment of kidney failure by hemodialysis or kidney transplant.
- Application: Blood cells, glucose, proteins and drugs are detected in urinary tests.
- Skill: Drawing and labelling a diagram of the human kidney.
- Skill: Annotation of diagrams of the nephron.
Guidance:
- ADH will be used in preference to vasopressin.
- The diagram of the nephron should include glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule; the relationship between the nephron and the collecting duct should be included.
Utilization:
- The removal of kidney stones by ultra sound treatment.
Syllabus and cross-curricular links:
Biology
Topic 1.3 Membrane structure
Topic 1.4 Membrane transport
11.4 Sexual reproduction
Essential idea: Sexual reproduction involves the development and fusion of haploid gametes.
Nature of science:
Assessing risks and benefits associated with scientific research—the risks to human male fertility were not adequately assessed before steroids related to progesterone and estrogen were released into the environment as a result of the use of the female contraceptive pill. (4.8)
Understandings:
- Spermatogenesis and oogenesis both involve mitosis, cell growth, two divisions of meiosis and differentiation.
- Processes in spermatogenesis and oogenesis result in different numbers of gametes with different amounts of cytoplasm.
- Fertilization in animals can be internal or external.
- Fertilization involves mechanisms that prevent polyspermy.
- Implantation of the blastocyst in the endometrium is essential for the continuation of pregnancy.
- HCG stimulates the ovary to secrete progesterone during early pregnancy.
- The placenta facilitates the exchange of materials between the mother and fetus.
- Estrogen and progesterone are secreted by the placenta once it has formed.
- Birth is mediated by positive feedback involving estrogen and oxytocin.
Applications and skills:
- Application: The average 38-week pregnancy in humans can be positioned on a graph showing the correlation between animal size and the development of the young at birth for other mammals.
- Skill: Annotation of diagrams of seminiferous tubule and ovary to show the stages of gametogenesis.
- Skill: Annotation of diagrams of mature sperm and egg to indicate functions.
Guidance:
- Fertilization involves the acrosome reaction, fusion of the plasma membrane of the egg and sperm and the cortical reaction.
Utilization:
Syllabus and cross-curricular links:
Biology
Topic 3.3 Meiosis
Topic 6.6 Hormones, homeostasis and reproduction
Aims:
- Aim 8: Disputes over the responsibility